Computer

• calculation
  • build-in
  • ones you define
• storage

Algorithm

• steps
• flow of control
• when to stop

Machine Architecture

• memory
• Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit
• input, output

Fixed Program Computer

• compute one computation

Stored Program Computer

• instructions stored
• special program (interpreter) executes each instruction

Turing Complete

• all problems can be computed with only 6 primitives

• a Turing machine can simulate any other Turing machine

• a Turing-complete language can write anything computable like any other language

Programming Language

• syntax
• static semantics
• semantics

Python

• data objects
• type
• scalar objects
  • integers
  • real numbers
  • Boolean
  • apecial
• output
  • print
  • return
• input
  • input
• IDE
  • text editor
  • shell
  • integrated debugger
• control flow
  • while loops
  • for loops
  • break
• iteration
• guess & check
• recursion
• structured types
  • Tuple
  • List
  • Dictionary
• testing classes
  • unit testing
  • regression testing
  • integration testing
• testing approachs
  • intuition
  • random testing
  • black box testing
  • glass box testing
• runtime bugs
  • overt, covert
  • persistent, intermittent
• debugging tools
  • built in
  • print
• exception
  • fail silently
  • return incorrect value
  • signal error
• assertion
  • execution halts
  • check inputs
  • check outputs
• object oriented programming
  • Object (built-in types or your own types)
  • Class
  • methods
  • why? bundle together objects, abstract definition and usage
  • inheritance
  • Generator
• algorithm complexity
  • Big Oh (order of growth)
  • classes: O(1), O(log n), O(n), O(n log n), O(n^c), O(c^n)
• algorithm
  • searching
    • linear search: O(n)
    • binary search: O(log n)
  • sorting
    • bogo sort: unbounded O()
    • bubble sort: O(n^2)
    • selection sort: O(n^2)
    • merge sort: O(n log n)

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